The feasibility of using a photodiode radiometer to infer optical depth of thin clouds from solar intensity measurements was examined. Analysis of the case study results indicates that the photodiode radiometer can be used effectively to determine the optical depth of thin clouds.
Two basic experiments are shown: the first is a perturbation in the geopotential field, and the second is a perturbation in the rotational part of the wind field.
In this study, differences between narrowband near infrared (NIR) and infrared (IR) brightness temperatures are related to cloud optical depth providing a theoretical basis for determining cirrus optical properties from combined satellite images.
A generalization of the two-dimensional spectral forecast equations is suggested, whereby the atmospheric flow field in horizontal and vertical directions is represented in terms of orthogonal functions, which are eigenfunctions of certain differential operators in the three-dimensional equations. The technique is applied to the quasi-geostrophic potential vorticity equation.
An analytical study using a simplified form of the divergent barotropic vorticity equation was performed. The results show the importance of the change in the Coriolis parameter across the cyclone in determining cyclone motion.
The geostrophic system of equations with both the effects of orography and heat contrast corresponding to land-sea distribution is integrated with respect to time by using the spectral method. The computed results show the appearance of reasonable blocking situation and a corresponding double jet stream in the latitudinal distribution of the zonally averaged zonal wind.
A new theoretical study of the migrating diurnal thermal tide was carried out using classical tidal theory and placing particular empahsis upon the response in the tropical troposphere.
Recent observational studies of upper-tropospheric and lower-stratospheric winds atop mesoscale convective systems show the development of anticyclonic outflow....As the magnitude of the anticyclone increases, the inertial stability of the system is reduced, resulting in a decreased partitioning of the initial available potential energy to the balanced state of the system.
A linear theory is given for the case of steady thermal convection in a stratified fluid with a general thermal boundary condition at the upper and lower limits of the system. The theory is applied to a number of fluid systems and the results are discussed in terms of the Rayleigh number, the horizontal wave number and the vertical velocity and temperature perturbation profiles in the vertical.
