Tolerance limits to disturbance vary among as well as within raptor species. The term "disturbance" is ambiguous and experts disagree on what actually constitutes a disturbance. Although there are exceptions, the buffer areas and seasonal restrictions suggested here reflect an informed opinion that if implemented, should assure that the majority of individuals within a species will continue to occupy the area. Additional factors, such as intervening terrain, vegetation screens, and the cumulative impacts of activities should be considered.
