The use of carbon-free energy sources, or energy sources that emit minimal to no greenhouse gases (GHGs) to produce electricity, is increasing. Nuclear energy, which is a carbon-free energy source, already accounts for about 20 percent of the electricity generated in the United States, but there are concerns about its potentially harmful health and environmental impacts. This issue brief provides an overview of nuclear energy, its history in Colorado, public health and safety concerns, and recent technology advancements.