Bailit Health conducted an extensive literature review, examining study findings on the efficacy of acupuncture, chiropractic care, and massage therapy for individuals with long term physical disabilities, with a special focus on evidence to support the Department's future decision making related to the provision of these services. This report also investigates the efficacy of these therapies for the treatment of pain, in order to inform the Department's interest in exploring these therapies as a possible alternative to the use of opioid prescriptions for the treatment of pain within the state's Medicaid program.